Income level is obviously important to people, but to poor people income stability and risk avoidance may be as important, if not more so. Rather this consists in maintaining over time a diversified portfolio of activities and in adjusting it according to contingencies in order to maximize return, spread risk, or achieve other household goals (see below). Among all groups, farming is the most common activity. A livelihood strategy is an organized set of life-style choices, goals and values, and activities influenced by biophysical, political/legal, econo- mic, social, cultural, and psychological compo-nents. ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS WORKING GLOSSARY off-farmagricultural market system employment livelihood alternative livelihoods entrepreneurship youth self-employment livelihood diversification employability job creation on-farm job creation non-farm resilience The USAID Office of Food for Peace (FFP) 2016 – 2025 Food Assistance and Food Security Strategy reaffirms a “commitment to … Over 40% of the households that had returned home had benefited from assistance from their relatives and family (42%) and other sources (43%) while displaced. The range and diversity of livelihood strategies are enormous. This was significantly more than households who resettled elsewhere (24% and 10% respectively), and households that were displaced at the time of the survey (19% and 29% respectively). Better access to assets is a desirable outcome of any livelihood strategy. They represent, respectively, gradual and sudden change (have another look at the diagram above to see what these are). Livelihood assets are something from which people derive a flow of income or consumption. Skilled workers rely primarily on skilled employment (60%) and construction skilled employment (19%) to sustain their livelihood. To prevent repeated displacement, we support engagement in social and economic opportunities that reinforce the adaptive capacity of systems, individuals, families and communities affected by displacement. The ultimate objective of these investment strategies is to improve long-term livelihood security and the quality of life of more generally. While remittances are an important source of support for the households, it was generally seen as temporary, with 94 percent of the households indicating that the individuals sending remittances had plans to return to their place of origin. It is possible that the production of charcoal is one of the few livelihood strategies available to them in the absence of external assistance. Such investments may help to build trust and facilitate co-operation. They are the main livelihood group (39%).In North Cotabato and Lanao del Sur, they account for 49% of the population. The evolution of livelihood strategies was examined in Molas, a coastal village in North Livelihood, Living Condition And Coping Strategies Among Older Persons. In Sultan Kudarat, this rises toover one in four households (29%). Households who rely primarily on day labor (54%) or unskilled labor (19%) to support their livelihood, with an additional contribution from agriculture (13%). How effective an individual asset is in providing security will depend upon various factors, such as the functioning of markets, social relations, and others. Livelihood definition is - means of support or subsistence. The analyses resulted in a total of eight groups: (1) Farmer, (2) Day laborer, (3) Skilled workers, (4) Alternative livelihood, (5)Natural resources exploiter, (6) trader, (7) Fisher, and (8) Transporter. Diversifying livelihood strategies at current time become a standard phenomenon within the study area. 3.2 DEFINITION OF THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD ... (CSC) to enhance livelihood strategies for poor women in urban areas. Although this is focused on rural livelihoods, most of its essential features also apply to many urban livelihoods. This is consistent with the finding that natural resources exploiters were more common among currently displaced households compared to the rest of the population. Figure 27: Distribution of livelihood profiles by settlement status. This category of influences comes under a variety of different headings. In 2.2.1 you will find one adapted from Ellis (2000). This section examines the relationships between households’ settlement status and their livelihood activities and strategies. In conventional economics such assets are usually known as factors of production and are typically subdivided into land (natural capital), labour (human capital) and capital (physical and financial capital). This analysis focuses on the combination of activities undertaken. A “livelihood” refers to the capabilities, Finally, livelihood strategies frequently vary between individuals and households depending on differences in asset ownership, income levels, gender, age, caste, and social or political status. Livelihood interventions should be designed and implemented to strengthen women’s and men’s productive capacity early on, when it matters most, and to promote longer-term self-sufficiency. It is worth bearing in mind, however, that some of the trends listed here do offer opportunities as well as acting as a potential threat (eg technological change, national and world economic trends). There are various ways of conceptualising the components of a livelihood and the influences upon it, and you may encounter various slightly different diagrammatic representations of these variables and their interconnections. However, some reported engaging in agriculture (29%), day labor (16%), and trading activities (15%). They have the second highest proportion of households engaging in only one activity (52%), and the third lowest estimated monthly income (5,150 PhP/month). LIVELIHOODS STRATEGIES POTENTIAL LIVELIHOOD INTERVENTIONS LIVELIHOOD OBJECTIVES LIVELIHOOD PHASE Income Stabilization. Livelihood strategies: How people access and use these assets, within the aforementioned social, economic, political and environmental contexts, form a livelihood strategy. A socially differentiated analytical approach to livelihood strategies is thus necessary (ibid., page 11). People develop these social resources by investing time, effort and other resources in. On the whole, the more assets someone has the less vulnerable they are to various shocks and trends. They have an average income, of 5,400 PhP/month. The Coping Strategy Index (CSI) measures food insecurity by considering the activities undertaken by households to manage food shortages. productive activities, investment strategies, reproductive choices). They can increase access to information and reduce transactions costs. The figure for the poorest asset quintile was 56 percent. community level strategies and objectives that are pursued alongside, or in lieu of, traditional agricultural activities to diversify income streams and reduce risk. The following table presents a brief description of the characteristics of eachof the eight groups, such as the average monthly income and the proportion of households in the two poorest wealth quintiles. 2019 - 2023 Global Strategy Concept Note: Refugee Livelihoods and Economic Inclusion; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and UNHCR: A 10-point multi-stakeholder action plan for employers, refugees, governments and civil society; Comprehensive list of UNHCR decentralised evaluations on livelihood strategies and approaches For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. These categories are (or are related to) livelihood objectives/purposes (following the ECHO-KRI approach or pattern)3: The assembling categories are: This analysis focuses on the combination of activities undertaken. Finally, they can increase people's power and influence. Their mean income, at 5,800 PhP/month is below average (6,500 PhP/month). These fluctuations are often dramatic and can profoundly affect livelihood security (Devereux et al 2011) People's livelihood strategies are designed, where possible, to reduce seasonal income fluctuations and the associated vulnerability. Older persons are known for wisdom because they have experienced more days or years on earth more than others. When asked directly whether or not their household receives remittances, 12 percent of the households responded positively. Livelihood strategies are the range and combination of activities and choices that people normally make or undertake in stable and peaceful times in order to achieve their livelihood goals (e.g. Agric. Other differences included the higher frequency of fishers in Maguindanao (20% compared to 7% or less elsewhere), and a higher proportion of day laborers in Sultan Kudarat (23% compared to 12% or less elsewhere.). The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. Grouping livelihood strategies enables easy analysis and comparisons as there are a multitude of economic activities that households may engage in, but … More broadly, social capital may refer to the ability to access and use to advantage socially constructed rules, organisations or relationships (these are also referred to as 'institutions'). Disaggregated by settlement status, there were some important differences. In a majority of cases, remittances came from abroad (60%), and, to a lesser extent, from Manila (21%). These trends and shocks are sometimes known in livelihoods analysis as the vulnerability context, suggesting that the changes thus represented have potentially harmful effects. Table 5: Factors associated with livelihood groups. The independent variable livelihood strategy is a categorical variable that represents the five livelihood strategies identified (i. e. ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’, ‘three food crops and khat’, ‘two food crops, coffee and khat’, ‘two food crops and khat’, … In the framework presented here, the outcomes of livelihood strategies are divided between the effects on livelihood security and the effects on environmental sustainability. Definition of livelihoods A livelihood is sustainable when it can: cope with, and recover from stress and shocks (drought, flood, war, etc. It should be fairly clear that all of the listed items can affect an individual's access to assets, although precisely how will obviously depend upon the situation being examined. Econ. The distribution of livelihood profiles among households who resettled elsewhere closely resembles that of households who were never displaced. A framework is a ‘particular way of viewing the world’.1The livelihoods framework is a way of understanding how households derive their liveli- hoods by drawing on capabilities and assets to develop livelihood strategies composed of a range of activities. They have the second lowest average income, at 4,800PhP/month. The objective of those wishing to promote sustainable livelihoods is to minimise trade-offs of the sort discussed above and to maximise complementarities. Such activities could include securing water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing. Trade contributes to an estimated 89% of their livelihood, and their average income is 6,700 PhP/month, just above average. At some point in live, the older persons are disengage from their long life activities and thus, they are deprived of some basic things. There were differences between strata. livelihoods and livelihood enhancement and diversification as tools for rural development and poverty reduction. We promote livelihood strategies that protect, recover and strengthen individuals' and households' abilities to earn a living. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. 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