20 percent of the total area are lowlands. In addition to enforcing these regulations, Kerala has enacted certain rules for land use practices. Ernakulam is the richest district in Kerala in terms of GDP and per capita income, contributing around 60% towards the total state revenue, and is the biggest commercial centre in the state of Kerala. As the world’s population exceeds an incredible 6 billion people, governments—and scientists—everywhere are concerned about the prospects for sustainable development. The work revealed that lowland area remained the zone of preference of population in the district along with the midland areas. Many of the migrants who settled primarily in the hilly tracts of Malabar were small farmers from Travancore. Although the benefits were initially realized by large capitalists, small farmers were later also attracted to the forestland. . The district has a moderate climate and mostly falls within the Malabar Coast moist forests ecoregion, while the highlands are part of the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. ~ enlarge ~ For administrative purposes the state is divided into fourteen districts. Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes explains how disparate government policies with unintended consequences and globalization effects that link local land-use changes to consumption patterns and labor policies in distant countries can be far more influential than simple numerical population increases. . The conversion of land used for rice cultivation to seasonal and perennial crops reflects a shift in cropping pattern, whereas the conversion of rice land to nonagricultural uses indicates changes brought about by population pressures and infrastructure development. 3The information available on remittances is sketchy. The district is divided geographically into highland, midland, and coastal area. Based on a 1992–1993 survey, the state Department of Economics and Statistics estimated that of the almost 1.2 million migrants from Kerala, some 56 percent migrated to the Middle East and other foreign countries and 44 percent to other parts of India (Government of Kerala, 1997). The hilly or eastern portion is formed by a section of the Western Ghats. For the purpose of taxation, land in Travancore had been classified as wetlands, garden, and wasteland. [21] There is a small Jain community in Ernakulam district, concentrated mainly in the Kochi city. Recent trends in area under production of rice in Kerala. The sanctuary is 80 km (50 mi) from Kochi. Ph.D. dissertation. The official claim that the forested area of Kerala did not change between 1960–1961 and 1995–1996 may not reflect actual conditions. The region receives an annual rainfall of about 3500mm. Travancore and Cochin had a long history of progressive social policies followed by enlightened monarchs; the Malabar District was a part of the Madras Presidency under British rule. Important pilgrimage sites in Ernakulam are Koonan Kurish St George Orthodox Pilgrim church, Mattancherry; Vadakken Paravoor St Thomas Catholic Church, Malayattoor Pally; and Mor Thoman Jacobite Church, Kothamangalam; and Thrikkunnathu St Mary's Seminary Church, Aluva. fiber, is the major traditional industry, providing employment for about 390,000 workers. . It had a resident population of 3,105,798 as of 2001, excluding the commuters from neighbouring districts. In the Thiruvananthapuram City Region, for example, rice fields accounted for 11 percent of the total area in 1966 ( Rice lands are converted into coconut gardens by one of two ways. In a survey of 341 farmers migrating to Malabar between 1940 and 1980, Joseph (1998) found that of the land they acquired, approximately 55 percent was cultivable wasteland, 38 percent forestland, and the remaining 7 percent cultivated land ( 100 billion. Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Majority of the built up land is seen along the midland and lowland areas while the forest area is concentrated along the highland portion of the district. High concentrations of phosphates, nitrates, and ammonia are causing eutrophication of the Vembanad lakes. 4 Pollution in the Vembanad estuary is attributed to industrial and urban effluents from the city of Kochi and adjoining areas. Highlands, Midlands and Lowlands. Birds found here include falcons, jungle fowl, water hens, and hornbills. 20 percent of the total area is low land region. 1988 Table 5-4). Department of Rural Development Population, Consumption, and Land Use in the Jitai Basin Region, Jiangxi Province, 9. Mary Kutty, A., Key Indicators of Rural Department. The Ernakulam Junction, Ernakulam Town and Aluva are the major stations. The intercensal growth rate, which includes both natural increase and net migration, was high—2.31 percent—between 1961 and 1971; it then declined to 1.75 percent between 1971 and 1981 and to 1.32 percent between 1981 and 1991. The midland constitutes the undulating to rolling terrain. Instructions Complete the table below to allocate the cost of the lots using a relative sales value method. 175, 5.6 billion, indicating an annual per capita state expenditure of Rs. The department not only provides scientific database on the soil and land resources of the state for developing suitable soil and land management practices but also implements a variety of projects aimed at … The Department of Soil Survey & Soil Conservation is the nodal department for the conservation and management of the precious soil and water resources of Kerala. [18], Hindus (46%) accounts for the largest community, followed by Christians (38%) and Muslims (15.7%). For example, under its “Grow More Food” campaign, the government granted exclusive cultivation rights in the forest area of the Idukki District. 219–230 The female population outnumbered the male population throughout the century; the number of females per thousand males increased from 1,004 in 1901 to 1,036 in 1991. The Neyyar and Karamana river basins lies between 80 15’ to Also the average height of mountains in Kerala is also shown. Rice is a labor-intensive crop, and a decline in the area devoted to its cultivation has adverse impacts on employment opportunities, income distribution, and. The loss of rice fields to clay mining also results in a decline in the groundwater recharging capacity of the area. In the absence of major investments in productive sectors, it is likely that the state will remain a net consumer in the future.