Eng. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. Rev. x\[s8~w! in Brasil: uma viso geogrfica e ambiental no incio do sculo XXI. In both cases, the nonamers were solvated in a 3:1 butanol/water mixture to mimic the most challenging esterification conditions. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine 8,17). These records, aggregated at the state level, are publicly available by date on the website (https://brasil.io/covid19/). J. Phys. <> C.M.T. & van der Schaar, M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Natl Acad. Chem. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. In this study, we used data on reported total deaths in 2020 and in JanuaryApril 2021 to measure and compare the death toll across states. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. served as a sounding board throughout the project. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Google Scholar. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). The authors declare no other competing interests. For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Raber, D. J. et al. 99, 99106 (2015). Faria, N. R. et al. For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. Liang, L. et al. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. 4 0 obj Chang noted that most existing PSAs appear between the G and G bounds of 103 and 106 Pascals (Pa) at the aforementioned bounding frequencies, and can be grouped into the quadrants (and central region) highlighted in Fig. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. Formal training in customer service with. 4 0 obj S3). Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Google Scholar. Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. Khoo, S. C. et al. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf (Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sector group (EBAM): Brussels, 2015). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. Commercial polymers are ubiquitous, with a global annual production of approximately 368 million metric tons1, with about 75% of plastics disposed of after a single use2. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). We found a 15.3% and 15.1% decrease in GWP when replacing the industrial route with either the 1min or 2min sonication scenario, respectively, and an impressive 21.5% decrease when sonication was avoided altogether. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. Tbuas Abreviadas de Mortalidade por Sexo e Idade. We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. CAS States in the North and Northeast have the worst indicators of income inequality, poverty, access to infrastructure and availability of physicians and hospital beds12,13. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). Polym. Report 19: the potential impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV, TB and malaria in low- and middle-income countries. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. quizlet cosmetology. The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. . Sci. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in % endobj LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. Silveira, M. F. et al. . Depolymerization of polymers. One of the pitfalls of diaper recycling pilots is the low demand for recovered diaper materials, which depreciates the environmental potentiality of such endeavors14. e65 declined by a larger percentage for males than females in all states, reflecting mens higher risks of dying from COVID-19 (ref. The Guardian. Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. Eng. 4, 28912897 (2013). Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). S2). In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. Waste Manag. 4d). The evergreen broadleaved shrubs were shorter in height (3.06 0.99 m) than palm-leaved life forms (19.29 5.39 m). Sonochem. endobj Numbers above. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. endobj We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) ID: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE: Types of action: LIFE Project Grants: Deadline model: single-stage: Opening date: 13 July 2021: Deadline date: 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time . 1d). Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. 4b,c). Lancet 397, 220232 (2021). Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products.
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